文章信息:Balaiant, S. K., Sanders, B. F., & Abdolhosseini Qomi, M. J. (2024). How urban form impacts flooding. Nature Communications, 15(1), 6910. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50347-4
整理人:徐嘉苗,2025级硕士研究生
整理时间:2026年7月25日
Abstract: Urbanization and climate change are contributing to severe flooding globally, damaging infrastructure, disrupting economies, and undermining human wellbeing. Approaches to make cities more resilient to floods are emerging, notably with the design of flood-resilient structures, but relatively little is known about the role of urban form and its complexity in the concentration of flooding. We leverage statistical mechanics to reduce the complexity of urban flooding and develop a mean-flow theory that relates flood hazards to urban form characterized by the ground slope, urban porosity, and the Mermin order parameter which measures symmetry in building arrangements. The meanflow theory presents a dimensionless flood depth that scales linearly with the urban porosity and the order parameter, with different scaling for disordered square- and hexagon-like forms. A universal scaling is obtained by introducing an effective mean chord length representative of the unobstructed downslope travel distance for flood water, yielding an analytical model for neighborhoodscale flood hazards globally. The proposed mean-flow theory is applied to probe city-to-city variations in flood hazards, and shows promising results linking recorded flood losses to urban form and observed rainfall extremes.
摘要:城市化与气候变化正在加剧全球范围内的严重洪涝灾害,造成基础设施损毁、经济活动中断,并损害人类福祉。当前,提升城市洪涝韧性的方法不断涌现,其中尤以抗洪结构设计较为突出;然而,对于城市形态及其复杂性在洪水汇聚过程中所发挥的作用,人们仍知之甚少。本研究借助统计力学方法降低城市洪水问题的复杂性,并构建了一种平均流理论,将洪水危险性与城市形态联系起来。城市形态由地面坡度、城市孔隙率以及用于度量建筑排列对称性的默明序参量表征。该平均流理论提出了一种无量纲洪水深度,其与城市孔隙率和有序参数呈线性尺度关系,但对于无序的方形和类六边形形态,其尺度关系有所不同。通过引入有效平均弦长——用于表征洪水沿下坡方向无障碍流动的距离——获得了统一的尺度关系,并由此建立了适用于全球邻里尺度洪水危险性分析的解析模型。研究进一步应用所提出的平均流理论探讨不同城市之间洪水危险性的差异,结果显示,该理论能够较好地将已记录的洪灾损失与城市形态及观测到的极端降雨联系起来。
1. 研究背景
2. 研究意义
3. 研究方法
4. 主要结论
5. 研究展望
6. 研究主要图表

01 八个城市的局部形态对比:建筑、道路、绿地和河流共同构成不同的通水空间

02 不同规则性与排列对洪水速度通道的影响(空隙率均为0.6)

03 平均重力与建筑形阻的平衡,以及流量、坡度对平均积水深度的控制关系

04 将不同合成形态的模拟结果归并为无量纲平均积水深度关系

05 平均流理论的城市尺度应用:形态指标、无量纲深度与强度、历史事件及归一化损失的对照
原文链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50347-4
原文转引:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wzTP4r18oaOrUld0iuPZXQ